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Sri Lanka is a gem of an island nestled in the Indian Ocean. Known as “The Teardrop of India,” this country is brimming with ancient history and natural beauty. Unsurprisingly, it is home to eight UNESCO World Heritage Sites, each offering a unique glimpse into the country's rich cultural heritage and biodiversity.
If you want to learn more about Sri Lankan cultures and explore these sites, this guide is for you.
1. Exploring the Spiritual City of Anuradhapura
Located 200 km away from northern Colombo, Anuradhapura was the first capital of Sri Lanka. This archeological wonderland is home to ancient ruins of a Buddhist community dating back over two millennia. Here, you’ll find the sacred Bodhi tree, where Buddha was believed to have received his enlightenment.
Other popular attractions include the enormous bell-shaped Stupas — a burial place or a receptacle for religious objects. You can also find ruins of ancient temples, sculptures, and drinking-water reservoirs built from small sun-dried bricks.
2. Unveiling the Secrets of Polonnaruwa
When Anuradhapura was destroyed in the 1st century, Polonnaruwa became ancient Sri Lanka's capital. This old city boasts well-preserved ruins and impressive architecture.
Check out the famous Lotus Bath, an artificial lotus pond built in tiers of eight descending petaled lotuses.
You can also explore archaeological relic sites, including the ruins of the garden city and the Brahmic monuments built by the Cholas. The Quadrangle, a compact group of ruins in a raised-up platform, and the man-made lake Parakrama Samudra are also a must-see when touring Polonnaruwa.
3. Scaling the Heights of Sigiriya
Sigiriya, or Lion Rock, is perhaps the most extraordinary of Sri Lanka's UNESCO world heritage sites. This ancient rock fortress ranks as the eighth wonder of the world and is home to King Kashyapa’s palace. Tour the castle and find intriguing remnants such as the Lion Gate in the mid-terrace, contemporary mural paintings, and the Mirror Wall.
Another attraction to see is the famous water reservoirs collecting rainwater until this day. If you need a break from exploring, this 200-meter-high rock column also provides a majestic view of the jungle below.
4. Touring the Sacred Grounds of Kandy
Kandy, the last royal capital of Sri Lanka, is a city of charm and tradition. Home to the Sri Dalada or the Temple of the Sacred Tooth Relic, Kandy is a highly revered Buddhist site. The Tooth Relic holds a mythological tale in the Buddhist culture that whoever has it is said to become a powerful figure in the country. Thus, ancient kings and powerful figures of the modern world seek to protect this sacred relic.
In addition, this historical artifact is used for a symbolic bathing ritual. It is immersed in an herbal preparation of fragrant water and flowers on Wednesdays. The resulting water — also known as Nanumura Mangallaya — is believed to have healing properties and is offered to visitors.
5. Stepping Back in Time at Galle
Galle is a fortified city with a vibrant history. Previously known as Gimhathiththa, Galle is located in the southernmost part of Sri Lanka. It features solid fort walls built to protect and secure the goods of the Dutch East India Company.
This town boasts a blend of South Asian and European architectural styles. Houses with art decor from the British and Dutch periods are seen on the street, along with guest houses and boutique shops. Other major landmarks include the National Maritime Museum, New Orient Hotel, Dutch Reformed Church, and the Old Dutch Hospital.
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